Objective: The main purpose of this study is to derive a dating formula for the Nigerian obstetric population, quantify its prediction error, and compare its performance with existing published formulae. Materials and Methods: The crown-rump length (CRL) of 322 fetuses without risk for fetal growth restriction were plotted against menstrual age to obtain a scatter plot from which we derived the best-fit fractional polynomial regression model for estimating gestational age (GA). The accuracy of the formula was compared with that of existing formula in another data set of 88 fetuses. Results: The scatter plot yielded a best-fit equation for the estimation of GA (in weeks) from CRL (in mm) as GA=−0.0008 (CRL2) + 0.168 CRL + 5.397, (R2=0.8017). The mean prediction error was 0.13 for our formula, and 0.16 and 0.20 for Nelson's, and Robinson's formulae, respectively. Conclusion: Our dating formula locally derived was more favorably applicable for the Nigerian population. This has implication for prenatal diagnosis in Nigeria.

Background: Pulmonary diseases are commonly seen in children with HIV infection, and their etiology is often unclear. The radiological appearances of these conditions are often non-specific. Conventional radiographs play an important role in the management of chest conditions especially in resource poor settings. Objective: This retrospective study was carried out to determine the chest radiographic pattern in children with HIV infection. Materials and Methods: The baseline chest X-ray of 150 HIV-positive but antiretroviral drug naïve children were analyzed between July 2008 and December 2009 at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, south-west Nigeria. All children were screened for tuberculosis (TB) by one or combination of mantoux, acid-fast Bacilli (AFB) sputum, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The CD4 count was also taken as part of baseline laboratory test. Chi-squared test was used to determine association between the pattern of chest X-ray findings, and sex, age, and CD4 counts. Results: The mean age of the study group was 51.6 months, with children older than 5 years dominating and there was no statistical difference in the sex distribution. A total of 115 children (76.7%) had abnormal chest X-ray, with lymphadenopathy accounting for 45.3% followed by parenchymal lesions with 37.3%, miliary shadows, and cavities accounted for 6.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Cavities were found to be common in patient who tested positive to AFB than AFB-negative patients. Other findings like reticulonodular or diffuse patterns, lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, or soft tissue swelling were also commoner in the AFB-positive patients. The CD4 count was available for 42% of the patient and there was no significant association between the chest radiographic changes and the CD4 count. Conclusion: Definitive diagnosis of pulmonary disease might be difficult based on chest X-ray alone, however, chest X-ray is a basic radiological test and almost the easiest to perform in both resource poor or rich setting and it is still recommended that routine chest X-ray should remain part of investigation of HIV-positive children to serve as adjunct to other investigations in early detection of TB.

Context: Computed tomography (CT) is becoming popular with advances in imaging technology, and pediatric imaging is also affected by this trend. Aims: This study aimed to determine the pattern of pediatric CT scanning practice and common findings at Aminu Kano teaching hospital (AKTH). Settings and Design: The study was conducted at the Radiology department of AKTH. It was a retrospective descriptive study. Materials and Methods: Patients aged between 4 days to 14 years and examined with a 4-slice Bright speed CT scanner at the Radiology department from January to December, 2011 were reviewed in this study. Information concerning the age, gender, indications for the CT scan, type of CT scan conducted, and findings were recorded. Statistical Analysis: Summarising indices were used (including frequencies, means, modes, and standard deviations). Results: One hundred and forty children (80 boys and 60 girls) were reviewed. Their ages ranged from 4.0 days to 14.0 years, with a mean of 5.64±4.31 years. Brain scan was most commonly performed (88.8%), while frequency of abdominal CT was 4.9%. The most common indication for CT examination in these subjects was convulsion (21.43%), followed by trauma (15.71%) and progressive head enlargement (11.43%). About 29.2% of the scans were normal, while obstructive hydrocephalus was seen in 13.2% and general brain atrophy in 9.1% of the cases. Conclusions: This review shows predominance of brain CT scan in children, seizures and trauma being the most common indications. Obstructive hydrocephalus, brain infarction, and general atrophy dominate the findings. Presence of global atrophy in some of the patients is worrisome as it may adversely affect the prognosis.

Congenital intestinal atresia is a common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Intestinal obstruction from jejunal and colonic atresia is rare. The etiology of intestinal atresia is mainly from abnormal morphogenesis; mainly, from an intra-uterine vascular insult. This case underscored the value of imaging to allow for early detection, determine the extent of the lesion possible associated anomalies and come up with possible differential diagnoses. A 2-day-old baby presented with clinical signs of lower intestinal obstruction suspected to be hischsprungs disease. Barium enema, however, showed features of jejunal and colonic atresia with extensive micro colon, which were confirmed and corrected at surgery.

Ankylosis around the elbow has been classified into humeroradial, humeroulnar, and humeroradioulnar types. The humeroradial synostosis are commonest, with approximately 150 cases reported worldwide. Here, we present a unique case of bilateral humeroradial synostosis. The case presented here is of a 18-month boy, born with bilateral humeroradial synostosis and no other anamoly. We believe that the case presented here deserves reporting because it is unique in that it has no syndromic association and is a sporadic case. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has been reported from Asia.

Intussusception in adults is a rare but well-known cause of intestinal obstruction and is secondary to an underlying pathological bowel lesion in majority of cases. In adults, as the intussusception presents with atypical clinical features, accurate clinical diagnosis is not often possible, resulting in delayed treatment with serious complications. However, imaging can be of excellent help to the clinician in diagnosing the condition. Ultrasound can be used to diagnose the intussusception, whereas CT is of gold standard to detect the presence and location of intussusception and to characterize the causative lesion with its classical imaging appearance. Multiple simultaneous intussusceptions are rare. Here, we report a case of simultaneous jejuno-jejunal and ileo-ileal intussusception in an adult patient caused by multifocal non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Emphysematous cystitis has been reported though it is not very common. This is characterized by presence of gas in the urinary bladder wall and/or in the lumen. The infection is caused by gas forming organisms commonly seen in patients with a background of diabetes mellitus. Presentation varies in different patients but with increasing use of different imaging modalities more cases are diagnosed in asymptomatic patients. We describe an incidentally detected case of emphysematous cystitis in the control radiograph of an adult male diabetic patient who was referred to us for barium enema and also present a review of the literature.

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) or Osler-Weber-Rendu disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. HHT frequently presents with gastrointestinal bleeding with diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Hepatic involvement in this disease is increasingly recognized and poses another therapeutic challenge. With advances in genetic screening and diagnostic procedures, and the increasing awareness of the condition by physicians and patients, this disease is now diagnosed more often. This case report reviews the available literature on various manifestations of HHT, and the various diagnostic and therapeutic modalities available for its management.

Brown tumors represent the terminal stage of the remodeling process during hyperparathyroidism, and it is a rare clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid carcinoma is even more rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. This is a report of a multiple brown tumor caused by primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to parathyroid carcinoma. A 41-year-old woman, who was presented with a generalized bony pain and pathological fracture of left humerus. X-ray demonstrated lytic lesion in bilateral humerus and left ulna. Laboratory investigations showed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia with elevated parathyroid hormone level. Ultrasonography did not reveal any parathyroid lesion, whereas radionuclide Sestamibi scan delineated a focus of abnormal tracer uptake in the lower pole region of right lobe of thyroid, left maxilla, bilateral humerus, and left clavicle. She underwent right inferior parathyroidectomy, right hemithyroidectomy and central node dissection. Histological diagnosis confirmed parathyroid carcinoma. The rarity and the interesting clinical presentation of such association are discussed.